考古学家在确认玉器出土时代之后,从器物形制、色泽、制法、用途等方面进行研究,当然是科学的方法。地质学家用科学鉴定手段分析玉石的矿物组成和推断产地,使玉器研究方法更纳入严格的科学范畴。但是,我们不可忽视历史研究方法。玉石一旦被古人认识和利用,它就与一般石质器物不能同日而语,特别是进入文明社会以后,古人赋予玉的社会属性极为重要。我们要理解玉在古代社会中的作用,必须追寻古人思想脉络立论,再以今人见识,透过玉的社会属性,观察它在等级社会中发挥的作用,方能符合历史的实际。因此,理清文献中有关玉器材料,是十分必要的,其中又以《诗经》里 After confirming the era of excavated jade, archeologists made a study from the aspects of utensil shape, color, method, use and so on, which is certainly a scientific method. Geologists use scientific identification methods to analyze the mineral composition of jade and infer the origin so that the research methods of jade are more involved in the strict scientific category. However, we can not ignore the historical research methods. Once the jade is recognized and used by the ancients, it can not be mentioned in the same way as general stone artifacts. Especially after entering into a civilized society, the social attributes that the ancients gave to jade are extremely important. To understand the role of jade in ancient society, we must search for the ancestry of the ancients in their ideological contexts and then observe the role played by jade in the hierarchical society through our knowledge of the present and in conformity with historical reality. Therefore, it is very necessary to sort out the jade articles in the literature, and in the Book of Songs