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目的研究Tourette综合征(TS)患者的饮食行为、膳食营养素摄入水平和膳食多样化水平。方法选择48例TS患者作为调查对象,采用24 h膳食回顾法对患者被调查前24小时内饮食状况进行调查,应用营养素摄入充足比(NAR)评价患者膳食营养素摄入水平,采用膳食多样化评分(DDS)评价患者膳食多样化水平,另外自行设计调查问卷调查TS患者饮食规律、零食嗜好等饮食行为。结果在饮食行为方面,87.50%TS患者一日三餐,1.88%TS患者一日四餐,60.42%TS患者喜欢吃零食,56.25%TS患者食用零食会影响三餐进食。在营养素摄入水平方面,TS患者膳食能量摄入不足,81.25%患者蛋白质供能比例过高,66.67%患者脂肪供能比例过高,60.24%患者碳水化合物供能比例过低。膳食中钙、锌、视黄醇、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素C摄入量不足,NAR分别为0.37、0.71、0.68、0.78、0.67和0.78;维生素E摄入量过高,NAR为1.23。膳食多样化水平方面,TS患者DDS评分均值为(5.21±1.18)分,乳类、豆类、鱼虾类食用比例较低。结论部分TS患者在烹调方式、食盐摄入、零食食用方面存在不良的饮食习惯;膳食能量摄入不足,多种营养素摄入水平不均衡,饮食结构比较单一。
Objective To study dietary behaviors, dietary nutrient intake and dietary diversification in Tourette’s syndrome (TS) patients. Methods Forty-eight patients with TS were selected as subjects. The 24-hour dietary recalls were used to investigate the diet status of patients within 24 hours before the survey. Nutrient intake adequacy ratio (NAR) was used to evaluate the dietary intake of patients. Dietary diversification Score (DDS) evaluation of patients with dietary diversification levels, the other self-designed questionnaire survey TS dietary patterns, diet preferences and other dietary behavior. Results In dietary behavior, 87.50% of TS patients had three meals a day, 1.88% of TS patients had four meals a day, 60.42% of TS patients liked snacks, and 56.25% of TS patients consumed snacks affected three meals. In terms of nutrient intakes, TS patients had inadequate dietary energy intake, high protein energy supply rate in 81.25% patients, excessively high fat supply rate in 66.67% patients, and too low carbohydrate energy supply ratio in 60.24% of patients. Dietary calcium, zinc, retinol, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C intake, NAR were 0.37,0.71,0.68,0.78,0.67 and 0.78; vitamin E intake is too high, NAR is 1.23. Dietary diversification level, TS patients DDS score was (5.21 ± 1.18) points, dairy, beans, fish and shrimp lower consumption ratio. Conclusions Some patients with TS have poor eating habits in terms of cooking methods, salt intake and snacks consumption, inadequate intake of dietary energy, unbalanced intake of various nutrients, and relatively simple diet.