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京师大学堂的前身可追溯至强学会和官书局,康有为、梁启超与孙家鼐皆有表现。至戊戌变法期间,由于翁同龢被罢免,《大学堂章程》起草人不得不改变,梁启超成了实际起草人。《钦定大学堂章程》中含有康、梁的用意,即通过“功课书”的编纂来传播其思想;康有为一派也有意掌控京师大学堂。光绪帝命孙家鼐为管理大学堂事务大臣,孙由此而尽力排斥,消除康、梁的思想影响。本文叙述京师大学堂初建过程,集中反映康有为派与孙家鼐派在政治、学术思想层面之争,同时也试图说明戊戌变法的一些特点。
The predecessor of the Imperial College can be traced back to the Strong Learning Society and the Official Press, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Sun Jiaqi. During the Reform Movement of 1898, due to the dismissal of Weng Tonghe, the drafters of the constitution of the university had to change and Liang became the actual drafter. The Constitution of the Kingdoms University contains the intention of Kang and Liang to spread his thoughts through the compilation of his “homework books”; Kang Youwei also intends to control the capital’s college. Emperor Guangxu Duan Shijia Sun for the management of university affairs minister, Sun thus endeavored to exclude, to eliminate Kang, Liang’s thought. This article describes the process of establishing the Imperial Palace, focusing on the controversy between the political and academic levels of Kang Youwei and Sun Jiaxun. At the same time, it attempts to illustrate some of the features of the Reform Movement of 1898.