在１９世纪下半叶的中国和日本，出现过两部书名完全相同的著作，这就是中国张之洞的《劝学篇》和日本福泽谕吉的《劝学篇》。两部著作的目的都是要在东西方文化交汇碰撞的背景下指示本国的发展方向，但是旨趣却大不相同，有本质的差异。在福泽谕吉的《劝学篇》中，通篇讲的是 In the second half of the 19th century, China and Japan, there appeared two books with the same titles. These were the “Encouraging Studies” by Zhang Zhidong in China and the “Encouraging Studies” by Fukuzawa Yukichi of Japan. The purpose of both books is to indicate the direction of development of the country in the context of the confluence of East and West cultures, but the aims are quite different and essentially different. In Fukuzawa Yukichi’s “Encouragement chapter”, throughout the talk is