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1956年初,毛泽东主持制定的《一九五六年到一九六七年全国农业发展纲要》是农业合作化和新中国农村发展历程中的一份重要文献,集中体现了毛泽东对农业的全面改造思想。从历史演变和发展逻辑角度看,毛泽东对农村的全面改造,接续了他早年的“新村”设想和延安时期“组织起来”的区域农村治理实践,在新中国成立后又通过一五计划的全面规划形式将农业生产初步纳入整个国家经济计划之中。1955年7月,毛泽东在《关于农业合作化问题》中提出了“全面规划,加强领导”的方针,强调以合作化为中心,合作社为组织载体,通过规划实现对包括生产资料、生产技术、基础设施、农村文化等在内的农业、农村和农民的全面改造。与此同时,毛泽东还主持编写了《中国农村的社会主义高潮》一书,试图通过对发展合作社基层经验的推介,使农村党组织改进领导质量和计划性,调动起农民的合作化热情和生产积极性,并从总体上明确合作化与农村的发展方向,以实现对传统农业的全面改造。毛泽东对传统农业的改造包含社会革命、技术革命和文化革命三重维度,是一个使传统农业、农村实现全面改造与现代化的规划,反映出毛泽东关于农村全面治理的思想。
At the beginning of 1956, the “Outline of National Agricultural Development from 1956 to 1967” presided over by Mao Zedong was an important document in the course of agricultural cooperation and the development of rural China, which embodied Mao Zedong’s comprehensive reconstruction of agriculture thought. From the perspective of historical evolution and development, Mao Zedong’s comprehensive reconstruction of the rural areas followed the example of his early “new village” and the regional rural governance practice of “organizing” during the Yanan period. After the founding of New China, he adopted a The five-plan, comprehensive planning approach initially included agricultural production in the overall national economic plan. In July 1955, Mao Zedong put forward the guideline of “comprehensive planning and strengthening leadership” in “the issue of agricultural cooperation.” He stressed that cooperation should be the center and cooperatives should be the carrier of organization. Through planning, Technology, infrastructure, rural culture, agriculture, rural areas and farmers comprehensive transformation. At the same time, Mao Zedong also presided over the preparation of the book, “The Era of Socialism in Rural China,” in which he attempted to improve the quality of leadership and planning of rural party organizations by promoting the grass-roots experience in the development of cooperatives and arousing the peasant’s enthusiasm for cooperation and production Enthusiasm, and overall clarify the direction of cooperation and rural development in order to achieve the full transformation of traditional agriculture. The transformation of traditional agriculture by Mao Zedong embodies the three dimensions of social revolution, technological revolution and cultural revolution. It is a plan to comprehensively rebuild and modernize traditional agriculture and rural areas, and reflects Mao Zedong’s thought of comprehensive governance in rural areas.