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纵观林业发展历史,中国与包括中欧和德国在内的其他国家并没有很大的区别。但中国的国土面积之大又使得其与众不同。在中国南方大部分地区,占主导地位的是人工林,但其中的约1800万hm2在2008年初一场罕见的暴风雪中被损毁。这使得人们对“十一·五”规划中林业目标的实现产生疑虑。事后看来,以往林业只注重投资扩大建设森林资源而并非为达到资源稳定性所进行的经营似乎更加深了这场灾难的影响。不可否认,量化指标是任何类型部门规划的必要成分。但是,没有质量目标的森林可持续经营也将是徒劳的。森林的稳定性是可以实现的,关键在于公众的支持和如何经营森林。要获得木材的高产出和高的碳汇储量,只有在森林可持续经营提供的多功能目标经营中加以选择。由于中国待间伐森林的大量积压,甚至可能导致蓄积量的下降。其它方面存在不足的因素,包括对木材进口的依赖以及由此带来的相关的信誉风险也是显而易见的。森林碳汇为经营的推陈出新提供了机遇。当然它不是万能的,也不可能完全依赖它来解决改善森林经营质量所需要的全部资金。文章重点探讨了森林碳资产管理中的经营和政策问题。
Looking at the history of forestry development, there is not much difference between China and other countries including Central Europe and Germany. But its size makes it unique. In most parts of southern China, plantations dominate, but about 18 million hm2 of these were destroyed in a rare snowstorm in early 2008. This makes people have doubts about the realization of the forestry goal in the 11th Five-Year Plan. In hindsight, it seems that forestry, which had only focused on investing in expanding forest resources and not on the stability of resources, seemed to deepen the impact of the disaster in the past. Admittedly, quantitative indicators are an essential part of any type of departmental plan. However, sustainable forest management without quality objectives will also be futile. The stability of the forest can be achieved, the key lies in the public support and how to run the forest. To achieve high yields of wood and high carbon stocks, only the multi-purpose management of the operations of sustainable forest management should be chosen. Due to the large backlog of forests to be decontaminated in China, it may even result in a decrease in stocks. Other deficiencies, including reliance on timber imports and the resulting associated reputational risks, are also evident. Forest carbon sinks provide an opportunity for innovation in management. Of course, it is not a panacea, it is impossible to rely entirely on it to solve all the funds needed to improve the quality of forest management. The article focuses on operational and policy issues in forest carbon asset management.