在中国文化史上,近古(宋、元、明、清)是一个文化转型的时期。由于城市的发展,市井文化的漫延,尤其是科举制度的推广,雕版印刷的广泛使用,文学、学术、宗教、艺术等,均在不同程度上表现出民间化、世俗化、多元化的倾向。而经学作为传统学术的核心和根基,以及主流意 In the history of Chinese culture, the ancient (Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing) is a period of cultural transformation. Due to the development of the city, the spread of marketplace culture, especially the popularization of the imperial examination system and the widespread use of engraving printing, literature, academia, religion, art and so on all show the tendency of popularization, secularization and diversification to varying degrees. Scholarship as the core and foundation of traditional academic, as well as the mainstream Italian