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目的:了解干预前后农村居民健康素养相关知识、理念、行为、技能的改变,评价全民健康教育对公众健康素养的影响,为探寻农村居民健康素养提高策略提供依据。方法:采用现场流行病学的方法,在基线调查的基础上,以健康知识资料入户、健康咨询巡展巡讲、媒体宣传密集覆盖等方式,开展8个月的集中干预,以及再常规性宣传干预1年后分别进行效果评价。结果:8个月集中干预后,健康知识与理念知晓率由50.71%提高到67.50%,行为形成率由51.03%提高到61.56%,基本健康技能的掌握也有了明显的提升,并在科学健康观、传染病防治、慢性病防治、基本医疗、安全急救等5方面都有提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:短期密集式的健康教育干预能有效改变农村居民健康观念、提高健康知识知晓率,但知识的巩固、行为的形成和技能的掌握都需长期坚持不懈的努力,才能促进公民健康素养的不断提高。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the changes of health literacy, philosophy, behavior and skills of rural residents before and after intervention, evaluate the effect of health education for all on public health literacy, and provide evidences for improving the health literacy of rural residents. Methods: With on-site epidemiological methods, based on the baseline survey, intensive interventions for 8 months were carried out on the basis of home-based knowledge of health information, tour of health consultation tour, intensive coverage of media campaigns, etc., and further conventional publicity After 1 year of intervention, respectively, the effect of evaluation. Results: After eight months of intensive intervention, the awareness rate of health knowledge and philosophy was increased from 50.71% to 67.50%, the rate of behavior formation increased from 51.03% to 61.56%, and the mastery of basic health skills was significantly improved. In the scientific outlook on health , Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, basic medical care and safety first aid. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: Short-term intensive health education intervention can effectively change the rural residents’conception of health and improve the awareness of health knowledge. However, the consolidation of knowledge, the formation of behaviors and the mastery of skills require long-term unremitting efforts to promote the healthy literacy of citizens improve.