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目的了解厦门市小学生注意缺陷多动障碍(简称ADHD)患病状况,探讨患病的相关因素。方法采用整群分层抽样法抽取厦门市6所不同层次的小学一～五年级学生3989名为调查对象,应用Conners量表(家长问卷)进行调查,DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准确诊。结果被调查小学生ADHD患病率为6.42%。ADHD儿童男女之比约6∶1。单亲家庭与大家庭和核心家庭儿童ADHD检出率差异有统计学意义。结论不良的家庭环境、家庭因素对ADHD的发生、发展和结局都有一定的影响,单亲家庭、矛盾冲突、不良教养方式等是ADHD的高危因素。
Objective To understand the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among primary school students in Xiamen and to explore the related factors. Methods A total of 3,989 primary-fifth grade primary school students from 6 different levels in Xiamen City were sampled by cluster stratified sampling method, and were surveyed by Conners Scale (Parent Questionnaire). DSM-Ⅳ diagnostic criteria were confirmed. Results The prevalence of ADHD in primary school students was 6.42%. The sex ratio of ADHD children is about 6: 1. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of ADHD among single-parent families, extended family and core family children. Conclusion Adverse family environment and family factors have certain influence on the occurrence, development and outcome of ADHD. Single-parent family, conflict and poor parenting are risk factors of ADHD.