在西方工业化城镇化进程中,伴随着帝国主义殖民扩张,兴起了一门叫做人类学的学科,它以文化作为研究主题,后被称为文化人类学。近年无论中国还是世界,都在形成文化研究的热潮,一门直接称之为文化学的学科呼之欲出。所谓文化是指人类不同的生存状态,正如一位印第安酋长的解释:上天赐给每个民族一个杯子喝水,每个杯子都不一样。世界上无论哪一个民族,都必须解决喝水,也就是生存这一基本问 In the course of industrialized urbanization in the West, with the colonial expansion of the imperialists, a discipline called anthropology emerged. It took culture as the research topic and was later called cultural anthropology. In recent years, both China and the rest of the world have formed a craze for cultural studies, and a discipline directly called as a science of culture is about to emerge. The so-called culture refers to different living conditions of mankind, as one Indian chief explained: God gave each nation a cup of water, each cup is different. No nation in the world must solve the problem of drinking water, that is, the basic question of survival