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随着超低功耗芯片技术的发展,无线传感器节点的功耗已进入微瓦(μW)级范围,使低功耗传感器利用周围环境中的射频无线能量为自身供电成为可能。提出了一种用于无线传感器节点的小型射频能量接收天线。该天线采用微带缝隙结构,基于缝隙天线设计理论,应用全波电磁场工具对其进行了设计及仿真优化,并获得了该结构谐振点随尺寸变化的一般规律。在常用FR4材料的小尺寸双面PCB板上,通过开槽加载和微带线馈电方法使天线可以同时工作在GSM和ISM两个频段。在1.9 GHz和2.4 GHz频率点上,天线的回波损耗分别为-39.4 dB和-20.8 dB,最大增益分别达到1.4 dBi和2.9 dBi,测试与仿真结果基本吻合。该天线含地平面在内的尺寸为5 cm×5 cm,实现成本低,可同时接收两个频段的射频能量,有效地扩展了频率适应范围,提高了能量接收效率。
With the development of ultra-low-power chip technology, the power consumption of wireless sensor nodes has entered the μW range, making it possible for low-power sensors to utilize their radio frequency wireless energy in the environment for their own power supply. A small RF energy receiving antenna for wireless sensor node is proposed. Based on the design theory of slot antenna, the antenna is designed and simulated by using full-wave electromagnetic field. The general law of the resonance point of the antenna with the size change is obtained. The commonly used FR4 material on the small size double-sided PCB board, through the slot loading and microstrip feed method allows the antenna can work in both GSM and ISM frequency bands. At 1.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz, the return loss of the antenna is -39.4 dB and -20.8 dB, respectively, and the maximum gain is 1.4 dBi and 2.9 dBi, respectively. The results of the test and the simulation are in good agreement. The size of the antenna, including the ground plane, is 5 cm × 5 cm. The antenna has the advantages of low cost, simultaneous reception of radio frequency energy in two frequency bands, effectively expanding frequency adaptation range and improving energy receiving efficiency.