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目的了解广东省城市中学生自伤行为现状及社会心理因素,为预防和干预中学生自伤行为的发生提供科学依据。方法分层随机整群抽取广州市、阳江市、阳春市2 907名10~18岁的中学生,调查其自伤行为发生情况及社会心理因素。结果调查近1 a内有1次以上自伤行为者占31.2%。其中有5次及以上自伤行为(经常自伤行为)者占14.6%,男女经常自伤行为发生率分别为14.1%和15.1%,性别间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.531,P=0.466);自伤方式以拽头发、掐自己、打自己为主;单因素分析显示,经常自伤行为者(≥5次以上)及偶有自伤行为者(1~4次)人际关系归因得分(内控性、外控性)高于无自伤行为者(F值分别为14.813,40.456,P值均<0.01),而自尊得分低于无自伤行为者(F=30.364,P<0.05);多分类Logistic回归分析显示,偶有自伤行为与内控性、自尊、独生子女、性别有关;而经常自伤行为与外控性、自尊和独生子女有关(P值均<0.05)。结论城市中学生自伤行为发生率较高,受人际关系归因、自尊、性别及独生子女等社会心理因素影响。
Objective To understand the status quo of self-injury behaviors and psychosocial factors of middle school students in Guangdong Province and provide a scientific basis for prevention and intervention of secondary self-injury behaviors among middle school students. Methods A total of 2 907 secondary middle school students aged 10-18 years old in Guangzhou, Yangjiang and Yangchun were stratified and stratified to investigate the occurrence of self-injury and their social and psychological factors. Results In the past 1 years, there were 31.2% of those who had more than one self-injury. Among them, 14.6% were self-injurious behaviors (often self-injurious behavior) with 5 times or more and 14.1% and 15.1% respectively. There was no significant difference between male and female (χ2 = 0.531, P = 0.466 ); Self-injurious ways to drag the hair, pinch yourself, play their own predominance; univariate analysis showed that often self-injury (more than 5 times) and occasional self-injury behavior (1 to 4 times) attribution (F = 30.364, P <0.05), but the score of self-esteem was lower than those without self-injury (F = 30.364, P <0.05) ). Multi-classification Logistic regression analysis showed that the occasional self-injury behavior was related to internal control, self-esteem, only children and gender. However, self-esteem and childbirth were frequently associated with self-harm (P <0.05). Conclusions The incidence of self-injury in urban middle school students is high, which is affected by the social psychological factors such as attribution, self-esteem, gender and only child.