利用 5个具有不同纤维品质性状的品种 (系 )配制完全双列杂交组合 2 0个 ,通过亲本和 F1 的 2年随机区组试验发现产量性状的铃重和衣分与环境的互作效应小 ,不存在母体效应 ,并以加性遗传效应为主 ,分别占表型方差的 5 1.2 %和 6 5 .4 % ;显性遗传效应所占的比率也较高 ,分别为 32 .6 %和 16 .8%。铃重和衣分的群体平均优势较大 ,分别为 13.3%和 3.5 % ,达到了极显著 ;铃重的超亲优势为 2 .0 % ,不显著 ;衣分为显著的负值 (- 2 .1% )。遗传分析与杂种优势结果一致。具体表现在产量性状上 ,亲本相当配制的组合杂合显性较高 ,其超亲优势正向显著 ,而极值亲本 (差异较大 )所配组合没有超过高亲的。这表明亲本差异小、亲源关系较近的亲本中仍然存在足够的遗传变异或某种机制以创造变异使育种取得更大的进展。相关分析表明了仍然存在严重的品质与产量的负相关 ,遗传改良的难度较大 Twenty hybrid lines were made from five varieties with different fiber quality traits. Two-year randomized block experiments with parents and F1 showed that the boll weight and the interaction effect between the two were small , There is no maternal effect, and mainly additive genetics, accounting for 5 1.2% and 65.4% of the variance of phenotypes respectively; the ratio of dominant genetic effects is also high, 32.6% and 16.8%. The average superiority of boll weight and lint percentage was 13.3% and 3.5% respectively, reaching extremely significant. The superiority of boll weight was 2.0%, but not significant. .1% ). Genetic analysis and heterosis results. Specifically, in the yield traits, the parents of the relatively well-formulated combination had a significantly higher heterozygote with more significant positive super-parents, while those with the extreme parents (large differences) did not exceed the high-progenitors. This shows that there are still enough genetic variation or some mechanism to create variation in the parents with small differences and close relatives to make more progress in breeding. Correlation analysis showed that there still existed a negative correlation between the serious quality and the yield, the genetic modification was more difficult