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清代保甲制度是封建国家州县之下、直接统治乡里的基层组织制度。在清代以前,保甲制度虽有不同的组织形式,但都是作为封建政权的统治基础而存在的,是封建统治的最低起点。所谓“天下之治,始于里胥,终于天子”,正说明了封建社会从地方到中央塔式的政权结构。在清代,由于人口的增长和经济发展引起的赋役制度的变化,使封建政权对地方基层社会中民众的统治与管理也变得更加复杂,这就要求采用一套相应的更详密的制度。清代保甲制度通过对人户与村庄的严格控制,强化着封建皇朝的统治根基。它的作用无非是“使天下之州县复分其治”。具体而言,就是要“统一诸村,听命于知县,而佐其化理”。
The Baojia system in the Qing Dynasty was a basic-level organization system directly under the feudal state and county and county. Before the Qing Dynasty, although the Baojia system had different organizational forms, all existed as the basis for the rule of the feudal regime and the lowest starting point for the feudal rule. The so-called “rule of the world, began in Lixu, finally emperor”, is illustrating the feudal society from the local government to the central tower structure. In the Qing Dynasty, changes in the system of taxation due to population growth and economic development also made it more complicated for the feudal regimes to govern and administer the general public in local grass-roots units. This required the adoption of a correspondingly more detailed system . In the Qing Dynasty, the Baojia system strengthened the rule of the feudal dynasty through the strict control over households and villages. Its role is nothing more than “to make the world’s counties divide their rule.” Specifically, it is to “unify the villages and listen to the magistrate, while let it be rationalized.”