从1973年资本主义世界发生石油危机以后,人们普遍认识到能源问题的重要性,现在,世界上已把节能称为“五大能源”之一,它已和煤炭、石油、天然气、水电等四大常规能源相提并论。美国是能耗量极大的国家,也是比较早地探讨和研究建筑物节能的国家。不仅制定了“节能设计标准”,而且建造了不少引人瞩目的节能建筑物。所谓节能建筑物,主要是指建筑物本身的节能、建筑设备的节能,以及太阳能的利用和电子计算机控制节能等。过去,建筑师在设计中往往是在外观造型及内部功能方面下功夫,但是要设计出一幢出色的节能建筑物,还必须从地理环境、总体布局、朝向、建筑物的体形、窗户的面积比、外围护结构的隔热保 After the oil crisis in the capitalist world in 1973, people generally recognized the importance of energy issues. Now, the world has already called energy conservation one of the “five major energy sources,” and it has four major categories: coal, oil, natural gas, and hydropower. Conventional energy sources are comparable. The United States is a country with a large amount of energy consumption and is also a country that explores and studies building energy conservation earlier. Not only has the “energy-saving design standards” been formulated, but a number of eye-catching energy-saving buildings have also been built. The so-called energy-saving buildings mainly refer to energy-saving buildings, energy-saving construction equipment, and the use of solar energy and computer-controlled energy conservation. In the past, architects often devoted their efforts to exterior design and internal functions. However, in order to design an outstanding energy-saving building, we must also consider the geographical environment, overall layout, orientation, the shape of the building, and the area of ​​the windows. Ratio, thermal insulation of the external protective structure