经皮肾镜碎石术目前有两种发展趋势,一是微创化,穿刺通道从F30～F36发展到现在的F12～F16;二是无管化,即经皮肾镜术后选择性地不留置肾造瘘管。Mario等进行了一项前瞻性对照研究,入选126例上尿路结石连续病例,66例为常规留置肾造瘘管组,60例为无管组。术中疑有出血倾向或有明显出血以及胸腔积液,需行二期手术的患者纳入常规留置肾造瘘管组,鹿角型结石、多通道、孤立 Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy currently there are two trends, one minimally invasive, puncture channel from F30 ~ F36 development to the present F12 ~ F16; the second is no tube, that is, after percutaneous nephrolithotomy selectively Not indwelling renal fistula. Mario et al conducted a prospective, controlled study of 126 consecutive cases of upper urinary tract stones, 66 were routine indwelling nephrostomy and 60 were ductless. Patients suspected of bleeding tendency or have significant bleeding and pleural effusion, the need for second-phase surgery in patients with routine indwelling renal fistula group, antlers type stones, multi-channel, isolated