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目的了解进城务工人员随迁子女小学生的正确洗手行为现状及其家庭影响因素,为制定针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。方法通过多阶段随机整群抽样,选取上海、广州、北京的34所民办随迁子女小学4 089名四年级小学生及其家长,用自填结构式问卷了解被调查学生近1周的洗手行为(包括洗手频率和方法)、学生与家长对洗手相关认知及家庭社会经济等影响因素。结果小学生正确洗手行为率仅为28.2%。家长对洗手必要情境认知的正确率(75.0%)高于小学生(41.6%)(χ~2=174.485,P<0.05),但家长对洗手方法的正确认知率仅为9.4%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,与小学生正确洗手行为呈正相关的是家庭经济条件比较好(OR=2.09,95%CI=1.44~3.05),呈负相关的有母亲的文化程度较低(OR=0.57,95%CI=0.33~0.98)、家长对孩子的教育期望较低(OR=0.53,95%CI=0.33~0.86)、家长对洗手情境认知不正确(OR=0.53,95%CI=0.33~0.86)、小学生对洗手情境认知不正确(OR=0.24,95%CI=0.20~0.28)。结论中国进城务工人员随迁子女小学生的正确洗手行为整体上不容乐观,并且存在家庭社会经济因素方面的不平等。要加强对随迁子女小学生及其家长进行洗手必要性和正确洗手方法的健康教育,尤其是男生、家庭经济条件较差、母亲文化程度较低者。
Objective To understand the status of correct handwashing behavior among migrant children in migrant workers and their influencing factors in the family and provide a scientific basis for making targeted interventions. Methods A total of 4 089 fourth grade primary school students and their parents from 34 private children’s primary schools in Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. The self-contained questionnaires were used to understand the handwashing behavior of the surveyed students for nearly a week Frequency and method of hand-washing), cognition of students and parents about hand-washing and social-economic factors of family. Results Primary school students correct hand-washing behavior rate was only 28.2%. The correct rate of parents ’understanding of the necessary context of handwashing (75.0%) was higher than that of pupils (41.6%) (χ ~ 2 = 174.485, P <0.05). However, the correct rate of parents’ understanding of handwashing was only 9.4%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the family economic condition was positively correlated with the correct hand washing behavior of primary school children (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.44-3.05), and negatively correlated with low educational level of mothers (OR = 0.57 , 95% CI = 0.33-0.98). Parents’ expectation on children’s education was lower (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.33-0.86) .Parents were not aware of the situation of handwashing (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33 ~ 0.86). The pupils did not know the correct handwashing situation (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.20 ~ 0.28). Conclusion The correct handwashing behaviors of migrant children in China migrant workers are generally not optimistic, and there are inequalities in family socio-economic factors. Health education should be strengthened for the children of accompanying children and their parents who need to wash their hands and how to wash their hands properly, especially boys, poor family economic conditions and low level of mother’s education.