本文阐述了我国古代的分裂割据与近代分裂主义叛乱的本质差别。指出分裂主义是近代帝国主义侵华政策的产物:19世纪下半叶以攫取在华特权和割地赔款为主,20世纪则以策动分裂主义叛乱为主,都以失败告终。在新世纪,随着国家日趋强盛,境内外“三股势力”变换手法,乞灵于国际上兴起的恐怖主义。这表明反分裂主义斗争的复杂性、艰巨性和长期性,必须保持清醒的头脑,采取有效的对策,予以坚决的打击,不可掉以轻心。 This article elaborates on the essential differences between the ancient separatist secession and the modern separatist insurgency. It points out that separatism is a product of the policy of the invasion of China by modern imperialism. In the second half of the 19th century, the seizure of privileges and reparations in China was the main issue. In the 20th century, the separatist insurgency was the main motive, and all failed. In the new century, as the country becomes increasingly prosperous, the three forces at home and abroad will be transformed to terrorism in the international arena. This shows the complexity, arduousness and long-term nature of the anti-separatist struggle. We must keep a clear head, take an effective response and resolutely fight it. We must not take it lightly.