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18世纪法国唯物主义中存在着两个派别，即机械唯物主义和 人本唯物主义，二者各有自己的理论特征、理论来源和理论归宿，不能简单地用机械唯物主 义统称18世纪法国唯物主义；唯物主义的发展进程中存在着研究主题的转换，随着研究主题 的转化，唯物主义呈现出三大历史形态，即自然唯物主义、人本唯物主义和历史唯物主义； 历史唯物主义以“社会的人类”为思维坐标，以实践为出发点和建构原则，以人与自然的关 系和人与人的关系问题为基本问题，并科学地解答了人与自然和人与人的关系问题，从而展 示出一种自足而又完整、唯物而又辩证的世界图象，历史唯物主义因此成为一种“真正批判 的世界观”，而辩证唯物主义作为历史唯物主义的代名词，是为了凸显历史唯物主义的辩证 法维度及其批判性和革命性。
There are two factions in the French materialism in the 18th century, namely mechanical materialism and human materialism. Both have their own theoretical features, theoretical origin and theoretical end. We can not simply use mechanical materialism to refer to 18th-century French materialism In the process of the development of materialism, there exists the transformation of the research subject. With the transformation of the research subject, the materialism presents three major historical forms: natural materialism, human materialism and historical materialism. Historical materialism takes “social Human beings ”as the coordinate of thinking, taking the practice as the starting point and the principle of construction, taking the relationship between man and nature and the relationship between people as the basic problems and scientifically answering the question of the relationship between man and nature and people, Therefore, historical materialism has become a kind of “truly critical world outlook.” Dialectical materialism, as a synonym for historical materialism, is intended to highlight the dialectics of historical materialism Dimension and its critical and revolutionary.