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[目的 ]调查磨石工人的矽肺和肺结核发病率 ,并分析矽肺和肺结核的危险因素。 [方法 ]X线摄片确认矽肺和肺结核病例 ,肺结核加以痰检确认。测定粉尘样品的浓度和二氧化硅含量。 [结果 ] 1995～ 2 0 0 1年矽肺发病率分别是 16 9‰ ,17 0‰ ,7 1‰ ,2 0 7‰ ,13 2‰ ,17 1‰。根据监测记录 ,可吸入颗粒物和二氧化硅的最高浓度分别为 ( 9 3 5± 10 0 8)mg/m3 和( 6 47± 9 3 2 ) % ,均高于接触阈限值 (TLV) 5 0 %。南部地区的矽肺发病率最高 ,达 5 6 3‰。发病率的增加与高粉尘浓度明显相关。肺结核的发病率是 3 7‰ ,东北地区的最高 ,达 15 1‰。中部和东部地区的矽肺 -肺结核发病率为 0 44‰。Suphanburi地区的危险因素研究中 ,矽肺和肺结核的发病率分别为 91 5‰和18 3‰ ,并发现危险因素如性别、年龄、接触时间、吸烟和缺乏个人防护。此研究发现矽肺发病率除矽尘外 ,还与年龄、吸烟年数和缺乏个人防护有关。 [结论 ]本实验结果提示 ,有必要在泰国建立全国磨石工人数据库 ,推行卫生监测和国家职业卫生服务项目
[Objective] To investigate the incidence of silicosis and tuberculosis among millstone workers and to analyze the risk factors of silicosis and tuberculosis. [Methods] X-ray confirmed silicosis and tuberculosis cases, pulmonary tuberculosis sputum examination confirmed. The dust sample concentration and silica content were determined. [Results] The incidence of silicosis between 1995 and 2001 was 16 9 ‰, 17 0 ‰, 7 1 ‰, 207 ‰, 132 ‰ and 17 1 ‰, respectively. According to the monitoring records, the highest concentrations of respirable particulate matter and silica were (935 ± l08) mg / m3 and (647 ± 932)%, respectively, both of which were higher than the contact threshold (TLV) 5 0%. The highest incidence of silicosis in the southern region reached 563 ‰. The increased incidence is clearly associated with high dust concentrations. The incidence of tuberculosis is 37%, the highest in Northeast China, reaching 151%. The incidence of silicosis-tuberculosis in the central and eastern regions was 0 44 ‰. In the Suphanburi study of risk factors, the incidence of silicosis and tuberculosis was 91 5 ‰ and 18 3 ‰, respectively, and risk factors such as gender, age, exposure time, smoking and lack of personal protection were found. In addition to silica, the study found that the incidence of silicosis was also related to age, smoking years, and lack of personal protection. [Conclusions] The results of this experiment suggest that it is necessary to establish a national database of grindstone workers in Thailand to implement health monitoring and national occupational health service programs