80年代出现了一种与50年代和60年代旧的正统学说背道而驰的学说。我们可以称之为新的正统学说,其广泛基础乃是东南亚新兴工业化国家的成功经验以及宏观经济理论近来的发展。按照这种新的正统学说,了解增长现象要基于以下三种假设: 1.各国的增长在很大程度上依赖于其对外开放的程度; In the 1980s a doctrine ran counter to the old orthodoxy of the 1950s and 1960s. We can call it the new orthodoxy, whose broad basis is the successful experience of newly industrialized nations in Southeast Asia and recent developments in macroeconomic theory. According to this new orthodox doctrine, understanding the growth phenomenon is based on the following three assumptions: 1. The growth of each country depends to a large extent on its degree of opening to the outside world;