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人类生产和生活都离不开光、光源可分为两大类,一类是自然光源,如太阳等;另一类是人造光源.对人类文明发生重大影响的人造光源有“五大家族”.最早的人造光源是火光源.原始人早就懂得在夜晚用树枝火把照明,后来人们又发明了各种油灯和蜡烛.这些都是物质氧化燃烧发生的光,因此火光源都属于化学光源.1878年美国科学家爱迪生发明了电光源,将电能变成光.这是人造光源中的第2大家族.第3大家族是1895年德国科学家伦琴发现的X射线光源.X射线尽管看不见,但其穿透性和感光性能得到广泛应用.人造光源的第4大家族是激光器.1960年美国梅曼研制成功了第一台激光器,现在各种激光器已广泛进入人类生产和生活的各个领域.1947年美国通用电气公司科技人员从一台同步加速器中观察到电磁辐射,人们把它取名为同步辐射光.开始人们认为同步辐射光是有害的能量“泄漏”,使电子很难被加速到更高能量.然而不久,人们发现同步辐射光性质奇特,是一种优良的科学技术资源,于是很多国家争相开发利用,形成了人造光源的第5大家族.
Human production and life are inseparable from light, light sources can be divided into two categories, one is a natural light source, such as the sun, and the other is an artificial light source. Artificial light sources that have a major impact on human civilization have “five families.” The artificial light source is a light source of fire. The primitive people had long understood how to use branch torches for lighting at night. Later, people invented various oil lamps and candles. These are the light of the oxidative combustion of matter. Therefore, the fire light source belongs to the chemical light source. 1878 American scientist Edison invented the electric light source and converted the electric energy into light. This is the second largest family of artificial light sources. The third largest family is the X-ray light source discovered by the German scientist Lun Qin in 1895. Although X-rays are invisible, they are worn. Permeability and sensibility have been widely used. The fourth largest family of artificial light sources is a laser. In 1960, Meiman developed the first laser. Nowadays, various types of lasers have entered various fields of human production and life. The United States in 1947 General Electric scientists and technicians observed electromagnetic radiation from a synchrotron. People named it synchrotron radiation. People began to think that synchrotron radiation is harmful energy. “Leakage” makes it harder for electrons to be accelerated to higher energy. However, people soon discovered that the nature of synchrotron radiation is unique and it is an excellent scientific and technological resource. Therefore, many countries have rushed to develop and use it, forming the fifth largest number of artificial light sources. family.