在现代统计学中,主要有两大学派:频率学派(亦称为经典学派)和贝叶斯学派。我们在高中或大学的课堂上学到的概率统计知识基本上是属于频率学派,对贝叶斯学派的内容也会有所涉及,概率论中著名的贝叶斯公式正是这个学派的基础理论。自上世纪数理统计大发展以来,这两大学派常发生热烈的争论,包括对参数、样本、统计推断方法等各个方面,其争论的根本是对概率本质的不同认识。 In modern statistics, there are two major schools: the frequency school (also known as the classical school) and the Bayesian school. The knowledge of probability and statistics we learned in high school or university classrooms is basically a frequency school. The content of the Bayesian school will also be covered. The famous Bayesian formula in probability theory is the basic theory of this school. Since the great development of mathematical statistics in the last century, there has been heated debates between these two schools, including arguments on parameters, samples, and statistical inference methods. The debate is fundamentally based on a different understanding of the nature of probability.