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[目的 /意义]了解和掌握美国图书馆员职业能力内涵的历史变迁和主要特征,以期对我国图书馆员职业能力建设有所借鉴。[方法 /过程]采用文献调研法,对美国图书馆员职业能力内涵的演进和职业能力观的特征进行分析和讨论。[结果 /结论]在美国“图书馆员职业能力”所包含的要素中,知识、技能、品性被认为是最核心的3个内容。在此基础上,美国“图书馆员职业能力”的内涵逐渐延伸与变形,形成了基于实践含义的“能力课程论”、基于社会含义的“社会能力论”、基于表层含义的“行为能力论”、基于现实含义的“标准能力论”、基于实质含义的“学习潜能论”等一系列能力理论体系。美国图书馆员职业能力观的主要特征表现在:社会建构性、文化敏锐性、读者中心性和动态发展性,而研究者采用的不同研究方法和研究视角是导致中美图书馆员职业能力观差异的根本原因。
[Purpose / Significance] To understand and grasp the historical changes and main features of the connotation of the professional ability of the librarians in the United States in the hope of learning from the professional ability construction of the librarians in our country. [Methods / Processes] This paper analyzes and discusses the evolution of the connotation of the professional abilities of American librarians and the characteristics of their professional competence using the literature survey method. [Results / Conclusions] Among the elements contained in the “Librarian Professional Skills” in the United States, knowledge, skills, and character are considered as the three core elements. On this basis, the connotation of “professional competence of librarians” in the United States gradually extends and distorts, and forms “theory of competency curriculum” based on practice meaning, “social competence theory” based on social meanings, Meaning “theory of behavior ability ”, based on the actual meaning “standard ability theory ”, based on the substance meaning “learning potential theory ” and a series of ability theory system. The main characteristics of the viewpoints of professional abilities of American librarians are: social constructivism, cultural acumen, centrality and dynamic development of readers. Different research methods and research perspectives adopted by the researchers led to the viewpoints of the professional abilities of Chinese and American librarians The root cause of the difference.