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在大尺度气候梯度上研究森林凋落物生产分解与气候因子的关系,对于了解森林生态系统碳循环有着重要的作用。在寒温带的黑龙江呼中、温带的吉林长白山、暖温带的北京东灵山、北亚热带的湖北神农架、中亚热带的四川都江堰和浙江古田山,选择典型地带性成熟林,设置72个样地。观测和研究各地点森林凋落物的产量、凋落动态和分解速率,分析三者与环境因子之间的关系,结果表明:不同气候带森林生态系统凋落物年产量为亚热带森林>暖温带森林>温带森林>寒温带森林。随纬度的增加,凋落物产量逐渐减少,凋落物产量与森林类型极显著相关,与年均温显著相关,而与年均降水关系不显著。凋落物生产动态表现为亚热带地区3个类型森林生态系统为双峰型,暖温带、温带、寒温带3个类型森林生态系统为单峰型。凋落物分解速率k表现出了与凋落物产量相似的变化趋势,即随着纬度的增加,分解速率k值逐渐降低,分解速率与年均温极显著相关,与年均降水显著相关。
Studying the relationship between forest litter decomposition and climatic factors on large-scale climatic gradients plays an important role in understanding the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems. In the cold temperate Heilongjiang call, the temperate Changbai Mountain in Jilin, Dongling Mountain in Beijing in warm temperate zone, Shennongjia in northern subtropical zone in Sichuan, Dujiangyan in Sichuan in the middle subtropics and Gutian Mountain in Zhejiang Province, 72 mature plots were selected. The results showed that annual yield of litter in forest ecosystem in different climatic zones was in the order of subtropical forest> warm temperate forest> temperate zone Forest> Cold temperate forest. With the increase of latitude, the litter yield decreased gradually. The litter yield was significantly correlated with the forest type, significantly correlated with the annual average temperature, but not significant with the annual average precipitation. The dynamics of litterfall production showed that the three types of forest ecosystems in the subtropical region were bimodal, and the three types of forest ecosystems, warm temperate zone, temperate zone and cold temperate zone, were unimodal. The litter decomposition rate k showed a similar trend with the litter yield. That is, with the increase of latitude, the k value of decomposition rate decreased gradually, and the decomposition rate was significantly correlated with annual average temperature and significantly correlated with annual average precipitation.