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目的探讨端粒酶ｈＴＲ基因在口腔癌前病变及鳞癌中的表达。方法用原位杂交技术检测８２例标本，其中正常口腔粘膜７例，上皮单纯性增生７例，上皮异常增生３０例，原位癌、鳞癌３８例。结果正常口腔粘膜及上皮单纯性增生组织中ｈＴＲ表达较弱，阳性细胞主要位于基底层，检出率２８．５６％（４／１４）。癌前病变中随着异常增生程度的增加，ｈＴＲ表达逐渐增强，阳性细胞逐步由基底层向棘层波及，检出率６０％（１８／３０）。原位癌及鳞癌均有较强的ｈＴＲ表达，检出率为８１．５８％（３１／３８）。结论端粒酶的激活可能出现在口腔癌前病变的晚期阶段，在口腔鳞癌的形成过程中起了关键性作用。
Objective To investigate the expression of telomerase hTR gene in oral precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinoma. Methods In situ hybridization was used to detect 82 specimens, including 7 normal oral mucosa, 7 epithelial simple hyperplasia, 30 epithelial dysplasia, 38 carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma. Results The expression of hTR in normal oral mucosa and epithelial simple hyperplasia tissue was weak. The positive cells mainly located in basal layer, the detection rate was 28.56% (4/14). With the increase of the degree of abnormal proliferation, the expression of hTR gradually increased in precancerous lesions, and the positive cells gradually spread from the basal layer to the acanthosis layer. The detection rate was 60% (18/30). In situ carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma both had strong hTR expression, the detection rate was 81.58% (31/38). Conclusion The activation of telomerase may appear in the advanced stage of oral precancerous lesions and play a key role in the formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma.