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目的了解职业学校学生的避孕行为及相关知识与认知的关系。方法基于健康信念模型理论,在上海某区选择3所职业学校,应用收益认知、障碍认知、性行为的风险认知和自我效能的认知指标,对一年级学生进行人机对话式匿名自填电脑问卷调查。结果共调查1612人,有性经历者占7.01%(113/1612)。首次性行为时避孕措施使用率为56.64%(64/113),男女生采取的主要避孕方法分别为避孕套(58.70%,27/46)和口服避孕药(27.78%,5/18),未采取避孕措施的最主要原因是不好意思购买(26.53%,13/49)和对方不愿使用避孕药具(18.37%,9/49),有性行为者中认为体外排精和安全期的避孕效果好的分别占68.35%(54/79)和68.42%(52/76),使用避孕套者的避孕套使用知识得分为满分者占23.26%(10/43),有性行为者中知道“感染性病不一定会有明显症状”者占22.86%(24/105),首次性行为采取避孕措施者中同意“偶尔的性交不会使一个已有月经的女孩怀孕”观点者占40.63%(26/64)。4项认知中,调查对象的风险认知水平最低。调查对象首次性行为避孕措施的使用与避孕相关知识和认知水平成正相关,最近一次性行为时的避孕率仅与收益认知和自我效能水平成正相关。结论亟待提高职业学校学生的避孕相关知识和认知水平,并提供适宜的避孕服务。
Objective To understand the contraceptive behavior of vocational school students and the relationship between knowledge and cognition. Methods Based on the health belief model theory, three vocational schools were selected in a certain district of Shanghai to apply the cognition index of risk cognition and self-efficacy of cognition of cognition, obstacle cognition and sexual behavior, Self-filling computer questionnaire. Results A total of 1612 people surveyed, with sexual experience accounted for 7.01% (113/1612). The first contraceptive use rate was 56.64% (64/113). The main contraception methods used by both boys and girls were condoms (58.70%, 27/46) and oral contraceptives (27.78%, 5/18) respectively. The main reasons for the contraceptive measures were asylum-buying (26.53%, 13/49) and unwillingness to use contraceptives (18.37%, 9/49) Accounting for 68.35% (54/79) and 68.42% (52/76) with good results, 23.26% (10/43), respectively, of condom use condom use knowledge scores, among those who knew " (22.86%) (24/105) who contracted STDs for the first time and 40.63% (26%) agree that occasional sexual intercourse will not make a pregnant woman have an existing menstruation / 64). Among the four kinds of cognition, respondents had the lowest level of risk cognition. The use of first-time contraceptives was positively correlated with knowledge and cognitive level of contraceptives. The contraceptive rate of the latest one-time sexual behaviors was only positively related to the level of income cognition and self-efficacy. Conclusion It is urgent to raise the knowledge and awareness about contraception in vocational schools and to provide suitable contraceptive services.