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目的对河南省儿童和青少年作原发性遗尿症(PNE)患病率调查,为儿童和青少年的保健与疾病防治提供参考依据。方法从2003年7月～2004年12月,随机选取河南省7个城市管辖区中小学的5～18岁儿童和青少年进行PNE流行病学调查。采用无记名调查问卷的方式。对目前无夜间尿床儿童,要求父母回忆其停止夜间尿床的年龄。结果实际发放调查问卷11 799份,回收10 383份,有效问卷10 088份,有效回收率为85.5%。现况调查5～18岁儿童PNE总体患病率为4.07%(95%可信区间3.68～4.46)。5岁患病率为11.83%(95%可信区间9.25～14.41),12岁降为1.72%(95%可信区间1.10～2.43),15岁时降为1.21%(95%可信区间11.50～1.96),以后稳定于1.0%左右。男性PNE患病率为4.57%(95%可信区间4.00～5.14),与女性3.56%(95%可信区间3.04～4.08)之间的差异有呈著性意义(P<0.05)。男女PNE患病率均具有随年龄的增加而显著降低趋势。回顾性调查5岁时PNE患病率为9.6%,10岁时为1.02%,以后各年龄段PNE降至1.0%以下。现状调查时男性、女性和总体PNE患病率均高于回顾性调查。结论回顾性调查和现状调查均显示5～7岁儿童仍有10%左右的儿童患有PNE,是影响儿童生活质量的主要疾病之一,应引起社会关注。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of primary enuresis (PNE) among children and adolescents in Henan Province, and to provide a reference for the health care and disease prevention of children and adolescents. Methods From July 2003 to December 2004, randomly selected children and adolescents from 5 to 18 years of age from primary and secondary schools in 7 cities in Henan Province were enrolled in the PNE epidemiological survey. Using the method of anonymous questionnaire. No nighttime bedwetting children, ask their parents to remember the age of night to stop bed-wetting. As a result, 11,799 questionnaires were actually distributed, 10 383 were recovered and 10 088 valid questionnaires were received. The effective recovery rate was 85.5%. Current status The overall prevalence of PNE in children aged 5 to 18 years was 4.07% (95% confidence interval 3.68 to 4.46). The 5-year prevalence was 11.83% (95% confidence interval 9.25-14.41), 1.72% at 12 years (95% confidence interval 1.10-2.43) and 1.21% at 15 years (95% confidence interval 11.50 ~ 1.96), then stabilized at about 1.0%. The prevalence of PNE in men was 4.57% (95% confidence interval 4.00 ~ 5.14), and 3.56% (95% confidence interval 3.04 ~ 4.08) in women with significant difference (P <0.05). The prevalence of PNE in both men and women tended to decrease significantly with increasing age. The prevalence of PNE at 5 years of age was 9.6% in the retrospective survey and 1.02% at 10 years of age, with PNEs falling below 1.0% at each later age. The prevalence survey of men, women and overall PNE prevalence were higher than the retrospective survey. Conclusions Both retrospective surveys and current status surveys show that about 10% of children aged 5-7 years still suffer from PNE, which is one of the major diseases affecting the quality of life of children and should arouse public concern.