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通过3年长期定位试验研究了不同耕作和覆盖方式对烟草产值和土壤质量的影响。结果表明,翻耕处理烟叶产量和产值分别较免耕处理大22.72%和37.23%,轮作处理烟叶产量和产值分别较连作处理大1.83%和19.41%,秸秆还田烟叶产量和产值分别较不还田大3.55%和2.4%,说明翻耕轮作和秸秆还田能够一定程度提高烟叶的产量和产值,特别是在轮作条件下翻耕对增加烟叶产量和产值有显著作用;另外免耕处理、速效磷、碱解氮、有机质、全氮和全磷分别较翻耕处理分别大35.14%、9.92%、9.57%、4.40%和34.16%,特别是在免耕条件下,连作烟田土壤PH值速效钾、速效磷、碱解氮、有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾较轮作烟田分别大2.01%、48.68%、73.09%、11.45%、7.71%、7.31%、47.68%和11.78%,说明免耕和连作处理提高土壤中有机质和氮磷全量和有效量的残留,因此,从培肥地力的和烟草生产可持续的角度考虑,免耕条件下连作处理是最适宜于当地土壤地力培肥的从提高烟叶产量和产值的角度考虑,绿肥-烟叶→绿肥/小麦/玉米→绿肥-烟叶轮作处理是最适宜该区的种植模式。
The effects of different tillage and mulching methods on tobacco production and soil quality were studied through long-term three-year experiments. The results showed that the output and output value of plowed tobacco were 22.72% and 37.23% larger than that of no-tillage, respectively. The output and output value of tobacco were 1.83% and 19.41% higher than that of continuous cropping respectively. Tianda 3.55% and 2.4%, indicating that tillage and straw return to a certain extent can increase the yield and output value of tobacco, especially under the tillage conditions tillage to increase the yield and output of tobacco have a significant role; the other no-tillage treatment, quick-effect Phosphorus, alkaline hydrolysis of nitrogen, organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 35.14%, 9.92%, 9.57%, 4.40% and 34.16%, respectively, compared with tillage treatment, especially in no-till conditions. Potassium, available phosphorus, basic nitrogen, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were 2.01%, 48.68%, 73.09%, 11.45%, 7.71%, 7.31%, 47.68% and 11.78% No-tillage and continuous cropping increased the total and effective amount of organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, therefore, from the aspect of fertility and sustainable tobacco production, continuous cropping under no-tillage conditions was the most suitable for soil fertility fertilization From the angle of raising the output and output of tobacco Degree of consideration, green manure - tobacco leaves → green manure / wheat / corn → green manure - tobacco leaf rotation is the most suitable for the planting mode.