历史认识过程包括直接认识过程(认识社会、事件等)即历史中的人们的认识过程和间接认识过程(历史感、间接的通过历史材料对历史的体悟等)以及历史思维过程。历史思维是建立在历史感、历史体验基础上的 ,主要借助于间接经验的结果(间接知识)对已逝的历史的思考、思想 ,是一种高级的认识活动 ,属于理性认识的范畴。历史思维是历史认识中的具有基础性的部分。历史哲学是对历史思维的反思。历史研究活动是以历史思维为主要内容 ,又包含有直觉、顿悟等因素的历史认识活动。历史事件是历史思维、历史研究的基本单位。历史事实是决定历史事件和历史现象的东西即历史中的本体。历史资料是对过去一部分历史事实的记载 ,是对历史上发生的重大的历史事件的记载。历史事件、历史事实、历史资料都是历史思维的对象 The process of historical cognition includes the process of direct cognition (understanding of society, events, etc.), that is, the process of people’s cognition and indirect cognition (the sense of history, indirect understanding of history through historical materials, etc.) and the course of historical thinking. Historical thinking is based on the historical sense and historical experience. Based on the indirect experience (indirect knowledge), the thinking and thinking of the deceased history is an advanced cognitive activity and belongs to the category of rational cognition. Historical thinking is a fundamental part of historical understanding. Philosophy of history is a reflection of historical thinking. Historical research activities are based on historical thinking as the main content, but also contains historical awareness activities such as intuition and epiphany. Historical events are the basic unit of historical thinking and historical research. Historical facts are the things that determine historical events and historical phenomena, that is, the historical body. Historical data is a record of historical facts of the past. It is a record of major historical events that have taken place in history. Historical events, historical facts, historical materials are the objects of historical thinking