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以吉林省公主岭市的国家黑土肥力和肥料效益长期定位试验为平台,对2014年土样进行酶活性测定和分析,探讨长期定位施肥条件下玉米生育期内土壤酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,不同定位施肥处理过氧化氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性在玉米生育期内呈大致相同的变化规律,从苗期至拔节期上升,在拔节期出现峰值;随后下降,至灌浆期酶活性最低,收获后酶活性出现回升。蔗糖酶活性的动态变化与以上3种酶活略有不同,从苗期至开花期升高,开花期至收获后期呈下降趋势。在玉米相同生育期内不同施肥处理间比较,土壤中脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性变化规律为有机肥+化肥(NPK+1.5M1)>有机肥+化肥(NPK+M2)>有机肥+化肥(NPK+M1)>有机肥+化肥+轮作(NPK+M1+R)>化肥+秸秆还田(NPK+S)>单施化肥(NPK)>CK。长期有机肥配施化肥和秸秆配施化肥处理对酶活性的促进效果比氮磷钾处理明显。
Taking the long-term experiment of black soil fertility and fertilizer benefit in Gongzhuling City of Jilin Province as a platform, the enzyme activity of soil sample was measured and analyzed in 2014 to investigate the dynamic changes of soil enzyme activities during the growth and development of maize under long-term fertilization. The results showed that the activities of catalase, urease and phosphatase under different fertilization treatments showed roughly the same variation during maize growth, from seedling stage to jointing stage, and peaked at jointing stage, then decreased to the filling stage The activity was the lowest and the enzyme activity rose after harvest. The dynamic change of invertase activity was slightly different from that of the above three enzymes, which increased from the seedling stage to the flowering stage and declined from the flowering stage to the late harvest stage. The changes of urease, phosphatase and invertase activities in different fertilization treatments in the same growth period of maize were organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer (NPK + 1.5M1)> organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer (NPK + M2)> organic fertilizer + chemical fertilizer NPK + M1> NPK + M1 + R + NPK + S> NPK> CK. Long-term organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizers and straw combined with chemical fertilizers on the enzyme activity than nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treatment significantly.