本文对X线照射小鼠睾丸组织和全身均匀照射诱发精原细胞染色体易位率进行了比较。两种不同照射方式所诱发的易位率都随剂量增加而增高,其剂量效应关系均符合y=a+bD关系式。全身照射明显高于局部受照,从而提示用全身均匀照射的遗传风险来估价睾丸组织受照的遗传效应是不适宜的,它过高的估价了遗传危险度。因此对常见的生殖器官局部受照的遗传危害,应该用局部照射的资料来评估,更接近实际。 In this paper, we compared the chromosome translocation rate of spermatogonia induced by uniform irradiation of testicular tissue and whole body in X-ray irradiation mice. The translocation rates induced by the two different irradiation modes increased with the increase of dose, and the dose-response relationship of them was in accordance with the relation of y = a + bD. It is not appropriate to estimate the genetic effect of testis tissue exposure by using a generalized systemic exposure to genetic risk, which is significantly higher than that of local exposure. It overestimates the genetic risk. Therefore, the genetic hazards of exposure to the common local genital organs, should be assessed using local exposure data, more realistic.