讨论学习问题,首先涉及的概念是主体。学习的主体从认识论的意义上说, “是指认识活动和实践活动的承担者。”“具体来讲就是从事认识活动和实践活动的人。”过去,一些教育工作者谈到教育的主体,往往不是把教师当成主体,就是把学生当成主体。单一主体论的最大问题是没有真正把学习当成一种认识活动。如果把学习当成一种认识活动,当然要考虑到活动中的人,所以,不管是教师、学生、家长,还是其他人,只要参加了教学活动或学习活动,都应该被认为是学习的主体。因此,学习活动的主体应当是多元的,而不是单一的。皮亚杰认为: “认识在当前越来越被看做是一种过程.而不是一种状态。”学习过程就是一种认识过程,一种文化生成、能力生成、素质生成的过程。在这 Discuss the problem of learning, the first concept involved is the main body. The subject of learning, in the epistemological sense, “refers to the person who undertakes cognitive activity and practical activity.” “Specifically, it is the person who engages in cognitive activities and practical activities.” In the past, some educators talked about the subject of education, Often, teachers are not the main body, that is, students are the main body. The biggest problem with single subject theory is that there is no real learning as an awareness activity. If you think of learning as a kind of awareness activity, of course, people in the activity should be taken into consideration. Therefore, no matter teachers, students, parents, or other people, they should be regarded as the main body of learning as long as they participate in teaching activities or learning activities. Therefore, the main body of learning activities should be plural, rather than a single. Piaget said: “Awareness is more and more seen as a process rather than as a state at present.” Learning is a cognitive process, a process of cultural production, capacity generation and quality generation. At this