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本文以“够”字句为例,分析并阐释了现代汉语中足量义表达的方式及特征。汉语中的“够”主要有三类数量意义和用法,其中“够1”是及物动词,可以带各种形式的宾语,语义上表示满足某种需求量或条件;“够2”也是及物动词,常与形容词结合,在语义上表示充分达到某种属性量的标准,这种标准与需求无关;“够3”是副词,可以修饰形容词、动词、小句等,语义上表示程度高。“够”的这三种用法是紧密联系的,其中“够2”和“够3”是“够1”通过主观化和转喻等语法化过程引申扩展而来的。本研究将有助于汉语学习者更好地掌握汉语足量义的表达。
This paper takes “Enough ” sentence as an example to analyze and explain the ways and characteristics of the full meaning of meaning in modern Chinese. There are mainly three types of quantitative meaning and usage in Chinese, in which “enough 1 ” is transitive verb, which can take various forms of object semantics to meet certain requirements or conditions; “Enough 2 ”is also a transitive verb, often associated with adjectives, semantically expressed the standard to achieve a certain amount of property, this standard has nothing to do with the needs;“ Enough 3 ”is an adverb, you can modify adjectives, verbs, clauses Etc., the degree of semantic expression is high. The three usages of “enough” are closely related, among which “enough 2 ” and “enough 3 ” are “enough 1 ” extended through the grammaticalization of subjectivity and metonymy of. This study will help Chinese learners to better understand the meaning of Chinese meaning.