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在意大利法律制度中,当法律针对某一行为规定一项刑罚时,该行为构成犯罪:犯罪成立以及与其他各类非法行为相区别的基础仅是一项唯名论标准。历史地看,犯罪学与刑法学理论都试图超越形式定义努力找寻犯罪行为的实质内涵,也即不是基于刑罚处罚而是反映犯罪内在属性的本质界定。有关犯罪的各种实质概念表面看起来仅具有描述性特质,但事实上它们追求的是明确的意识形态性功能,也即使现行刑法具备或者丧失合法性,或者推动规范向某一方向演进。当前历史语境下,无论是在犯罪构成的建构层面,抑或是在罪刑规范的内容层面,引导意大利立法者选择的不再是若干模糊的本体论标准,而是作为普通法律之上位法渊源的宪法。此外,研究犯罪时还应当补充不同的考察进路也即分析进路,有必要区别分析每个犯罪的构成要件要素并依据精准的逻辑—系统顺序予以排列。
In the Italian legal system, the act constitutes a crime when the law provides for a sentence for a particular act: the foundation of a crime and the distinction from other types of unlawful conduct is merely a nominalism criterion. Historically, both criminology and criminal law theory try to go beyond the formal definition of hard work to find out the essence of criminal behavior, that is not based on the penalty but reflect the inherent nature of the definition of crime. The various substantive concepts of crime appear to be descriptive in nature, but in fact they pursue a definite ideological function, even if existing criminal law has or is not legitimated or promotes the evolution of norms in one direction. Under the current historical context, whether it is at the level of the constitution of crime or the content of the norms of crime and punishment, it is no longer the choice of Italian legislators to guide the ambiguity of ontological standards, but as the source of the common laws constitution. In addition, the study of crime should also be supplemented by different ways of inspection that is, analysis of the road, there is a need to distinguish the elements of each crime elements of the composition and accurate according to the logic - system order to be arranged.