本文根据最近五年来小麦“高稳低”综合研究和有关调查材料,从整体上、时间上、空间上阐述我省小麦生态条件与小麦生长发育、增产途径的关系和因地种植,小麦种植区域化等问题。1、从整体上,针对我省小麦生态条件(温、光、水、土),分析我省小麦生长发育具有“两长一短”的特点,即全生育期长(230多天),幼穗分化期长(160—170天),籽粒灌浆期短(36—40天),其“三段比”(出苗—拔节,拔节—抽穗,抽穗—成熟)为6:2:2。小麦生长速度是前慢后快。因此影响我省小麦产量进一步提高的限制因素,主要是中后期生育时间短,不利气象因素和病虫害较多。在育种目标上,要考虑:(1)选育单穗生产力潜力大的;(2)选育稳产,抗逆性好的品种;(3)选育适当早熟、灌浆速度快的品种。在栽培管理上要把握住小麦三段生育特点与生态条件关系,努力做到“冬壮春稳夏不衰”的要求。由于我省小麦单棱期、二棱期时间长,以增加小穗数为主来增加穗粒数较为有利。2、从时间上,根据1975—1979年五年来产量结构的变化,分析穗、粒、(?)三因素的形成与生态条件的关系,说明穗的形成与“暖冬年”、“冷冬年”有密切关系,粒的形成与“春长”、“春短”有密切关系,千粒重的高低与光照、干热风有密切关系。并从中总结出:三因素均衡发展型、穗多型、粒多型、穗重型等四种小麦增产类型。3、从空间上,按照我省各地不同小麦生态条件,可分为:平原水肥地高产小麦,丘陵旱薄地小麦,盐碱地小麦,稻茬地小麦,上浸地小麦等不同生产类型,并明确主攻方向,抓住关键性技术措施,做到因地制宜,实行小麦种植区域化。 Based on the comprehensive study on the “high and low stability” of wheat in the recent five years and the related survey materials, this paper describes the relationship between wheat ecological conditions and wheat growth and yield and the ways of increasing yield in the whole province, And other issues. 1. On the whole, according to the wheat ecological conditions in our province (temperature, light, water and soil), the characteristics of wheat growth and development in our province are analyzed as “two long and one short”, that is, the whole growth period is more than 230 days The spike differentiation period was 160-170 days, and the grain filling stage was short (36-40 days). The ratio of three stages (emergence-jointing, jointing-heading, heading-maturing) was 6: 2: 2. Wheat growth rate is slow before and after the fast. Therefore, the limiting factors that affect the further increase of wheat yield in our province are mainly the short duration of birth in the mid-late period, unfavorable meteorological factors and more pests and diseases. In breeding objectives, we should consider: (1) the potential of single panicle productivity; (2) breeding stable and resistant varieties; (3) breeding appropriate precocious, fast filling varieties. In the cultivation and management, we should grasp the relationship between the characteristics of the three stages of wheat and ecological conditions, and strive to achieve the goal of “winter, strong spring and steady summer” requirements. As the province of wheat single-edge, two-ridge period of time to increase the number of spikelets to increase the number of grains per spike is more favorable. From time to time, according to the changes of production structure in the five years from 1975 to 1979, the relationship between the formation of ear, grain and (?) Three factors and ecological conditions was analyzed to show that the formation of ear is related to “warm winter”, “cold winter ”There is a close relationship between grain formation and“ spring long ”,“ spring short ”are closely related to the level of grain weight and light, dry hot air is closely related. And summed up: three balanced development of the type, spike multi-type, multi-grain type, spike weight four types of wheat yield. 3, from space, in accordance with the ecological conditions of different wheat around the province can be divided into: plain water and fertilizer high-yield wheat, hilly dry thin wheat, saline-alkali wheat, rice stubble wheat, soaked in different types of wheat production and clear main Direction, seize the key technical measures, so as to local conditions, the implementation of regionalization of wheat cultivation.