利奇（1983）在讨论礼貌原则的策略准则时提出了礼貌层级（politenessscale）的概念。礼貌层级由间接层级、损惠层级和选择层级等组成。这些层级与话语的礼貌程度有直接的关系：当损及听话人时，话语越间接，供听话人选择的余地就越大，话语就越礼貌；当惠及听话人时，直接的话 Leach (1983) proposed the concept of politeness scale when discussing the policy principles of politeness principles. Courtesy level consists of indirect level, loss level and selection level. These levels are directly related to the politeness of the discourse: when it hurts the listener, the more indirect the discourse, the greater the room for the listener to choose, the more polite the discourse; when speaking to the listener, the direct words