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摩擦学(或叫摩擦磨损润滑学)作为一门独立的科学出现是不久之前的事。但是,它并不是凭空出现的,追溯其发展也是源远而流长。作为文明古国的中国,在人类历史上曾经创造了光辉灿烂的古代文化与科技成果。同样,在摩擦学的领域内,中国古代也有过巨大的贡献,从作者目前所接触到的史料来看,也足以作出这样的判断。本文主要围绕滑动轴承,对中国古代的摩擦学成就加以介绍。内容包括:最早的滑动轴承;滑动轴承润滑的出现;最早的润滑剂;最早的润滑方法与润滑装置;矿物油的应用;制作滑动轴承木材的选择;轴瓦的出现;大车与兵车轮毂长度的比较以及合理地利用摩擦等问题。研究这些史料不仅可以了解其发展沿革,并且对现代的研究工作可提供宝贵的参考资料和启发。
Tribology (or friction and wear lubrication) as an independent science appears not long ago. However, it does not come out of thin air, and its development has its origins and flow. As an ancient civilized country, China has created glorious ancient culture and achievements in science and technology in the history of mankind. Similarly, in the field of tribology, ancient China also made a huge contribution. Judging from the historical materials to which the author is currently exposed, it is enough to make such a judgment. This paper mainly focuses on the sliding bearings and introduces the tribology achievements of ancient China. The content includes: The earliest sliding bearing; The appearance of the sliding bearing lubrication; The earliest lubricant; The earliest lubricating method and the lubricating device; The mineral oil application; The choice of making the sliding bearing timber; The appearance of the bearing bush; Compare and make rational use of friction and other issues. The study of these historical materials can not only understand its evolution, but also provide valuable reference and inspiration for the research of modern times.