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一、前言我国是世界上地质灾害最为严重的国家之一。近十年来,地质灾害每年造成人员伤亡数以千计,经济损失逾百亿元。三峡工程是一项跨世纪的宏伟工程,同时,它也可能是在人类活动胁迫下,引起最大的地球表层自然环境变化的工程。三峡库区人口众多,长期过度开垦,水土流失严重,两岸植被覆盖率已降至5％,地质环境容量极为有限。三峡工程建成后,将形成长600多公里,宽1～2km,面积1084km~2的狭长河道形水库。库区水位较之常年升高超过90m,淹没陆域面积632km~2,涉及两座城市,21个县,356个乡,127个城镇,动迁人口120.42万人。当水库按175m水位运行时,
I. Preface China is one of the countries with the most serious geological disasters in the world. Over the past decade, geological disasters have caused thousands of casualties and more than 10 billion yuan of economic losses every year. The Three Gorges Project is a grand project of the past century. At the same time, it may also be the project that causes the greatest changes in the natural environment of the Earth’s surface under the intimidation of human activities. The Three Gorges Reservoir area has a large population, long-term over-reclamation and severe soil erosion. The vegetation coverage on both sides of the Three Gorges has been reduced to 5% and the geological environment capacity is extremely limited. After completion of the Three Gorges Project, a narrow channel-shaped reservoir of more than 600 km in length and 1 to 2 km in width with an area of 1084 km 2 will be formed. The water level in the reservoir area has risen over 90m over the previous year, and flooded land area of 632km2, involving two cities, 21 counties, 356 townships and 127 towns, with a population of 1.2042 million relocated. When reservoirs run at 175m water level,