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当前,国际形势风起云涌,苏联解体,东欧剧变,世界格局发生了巨大的变化。美国曾是昔日两极冷战对峙中的一霸,它在新格局中的地位和作用,引起了世人的关注。作为世界上最大的官方发展援助国,美国在过去40多年的时间里,向一些发展中国家提供了大量的经济援助,这些援助直接影响着其长远的对外政策目标,构成了其旨在赢得永久优势的国际战略的有机组成部分。在未来的世界舞台上,美国为了维护其称霸世界的战略目标,在应付来自欧洲和亚洲的挑战和竞争的同时,必将进一步发展和巩固同发展中国家的政治和经济关系,把对发展中国家提供官方发展援助放在其对外政策和国际战略中更加重要的位置上。本文简要地回顾了美国对外援助的发展过程,论述了美国对外双边官方发展援助的政策和特点并对未来的发展趋势进行了分析。
At present, the international situation is surging, the Soviet Union is disintegrating, the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the world situation have undergone tremendous changes. The United States once was a tyrant in the confrontation between the former and the latter in the Cold War. Its status and role in the new pattern has aroused people’s attention. As the largest official development aid donor in the world, the United States has provided substantial economic assistance to some developing countries over the past 40 years and these aid has a direct impact on its long-term foreign policy objectives and constitutes its objective of winning permanent An integral part of the international strategy of advantage. In the future world arena, in order to maintain its strategic goal of world domination, the United States will certainly further develop and consolidate its political and economic relations with developing countries while coping with the challenges and competition from Europe and Asia, The provision of official development assistance by the State lies in a more important position in its foreign policy and international strategy. This article briefly reviews the development of U.S. foreign aid, discusses the policies and characteristics of bilateral foreign official development assistance in the United States and analyzes the future development trends.