论文部分内容阅读
《理想国》作为一部伟大的哲学著作,其对正义问题的探索具有开拓性的意义。《理想国》这部著作在正义问题的背后还存在一个隐形目标,即纯粹正义生活的建立。纯粹正义生活是一种理想的生活方式,由三种不同身份和职业的人们构成,彼此之间的关系简单而纯粹、同质而和谐。这一生活方式被柏拉图建立在“自然”和“知识”这一对范畴的基础上。“自然”和“知识”概念赋予这一生活纯粹性和正义性——在自然禀赋的基础上,纯粹正义生活中的身份和职业区分得以可能;在知识的指导下,纯粹正义生活的合理性和可欲性得到保证。通过这对概念,苏格拉底表明纯粹正义生活的可能性和有效性。然而也正是“知识”和“自然”这对概念之间的不一致性暴露了《理想国》中纯粹正义生活的局限。自然概念受到哲学家的过多干预无法保证其作用的发挥,知识概念更是无法保证一种言辞中的生活具有现实性。
As a great philosophical work, “Ideal Nation” has pioneering significance for exploring the issue of justice. There is also an invisible goal behind the question of justice in the book Ideal State which is the establishment of pure and just life. Pure justice life is an ideal way of life. It consists of three people of different identities and occupations. Their relationship is simple and pure, homogeneous and harmonious. This lifestyle is based on the paradox of “natural” and “knowledge” by Plato. The concept of “nature” and “knowledge” gives the purity and justice of life - on the basis of natural endowment, identity and occupation can be distinguished in purely just life; under the guidance of knowledge, pure justice The rationality and desirability of life are guaranteed. Through these concepts, Socrates demonstrates the possibility and validity of purely just life. However, it is also the inconsistency between the notion of “knowledge” and “nature” that reveals the limits of purely just life in “The Dreamland.” The concept of nature can not guarantee its function by the excessive intervention of philosophers, and the concept of knowledge can not guarantee the reality of one kind of speech.