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言语行为是人类利用语言符号,以对一个或若干个议题的信息交流,达到一定的交际目的的活动。它是人们用以创造理想世界和可能世界、用以积累总结对物理宇宙的观察、实验、认识、改造的一切已然或未然的知识,用以协调人们在政治、经济、劳动、生活各领域的观点、方法、组织、行动的必不可少的手段和途径。本文想就这一活动作一剖析。 一、言语行为的建构 言语行为以其表达形式,可分为书面言语行为和口头言语行为。 书面言语行为包括社会科学和自然科学领域不同层次、不同规模的著作,社会组织机构间的各种文件,社会成员间的各种文字往来,标语、文字广‘告等等。 口头言语行为是指一切以语音手段进行的言语行为。
Speech act is the human use of language symbols, in order to exchange information on one or several topics, to achieve a certain purpose of communication activities. It is used by people to create an ideal world and a possible world in order to accumulate and summarize all existing or unknown knowledge of the observation, experiment, understanding and transformation of the physical universe in order to coordinate people’s political, economic, labor and daily life Ideas, methods, organizations, actions necessary means and ways. This article wants to make an analysis of this activity. First, the construction of speech acts Speech acts in its form of expression can be divided into written speech acts and verbal acts. Written verbal acts include various levels and works of different sizes in social sciences and natural sciences, various documents among social organizations, various types of written correspondence among members of the society, slogans and texts, and so on. Oral speech acts refer to all speech acts conducted by speech means.