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哮喘病是危害人类健康的重要呼吸疾病,但其病理机制至今依然不完全清楚。由于呼吸依赖于各级肺组织在外力作用下的一系列力学过程,其力学因素必定在呼吸功能方面发挥着重要作用。其中,气道平滑肌细胞对物理环境很敏感,异常的力学因素刺激将可能改变气道平滑肌细胞的结构和/或功能,导致气道平滑肌过度收缩等病理变化。近年来,人们对气道平滑肌生物力学及其在哮喘的病理机制中的作用展开了大量研究,获得了许多重要的发现。本文将围绕气道平滑肌与肺中的力学环境介绍有关研究的最新进展,包括气道平滑肌收缩和骨架纤维的组织结构,气道平滑肌功能长度范围以及适应性,力学刺激引起的气道平滑肌细胞结构和功能的变化,气道平滑肌紧张度对应变诱导的响应的调控,细胞骨架软玻态动力学行为等,并探讨气道平滑肌生物力学与哮喘病病理机制的关系。
Asthma is an important respiratory disease that endangers human health, but its pathological mechanism is still not fully understood. Because respiration depends on a series of mechanical processes under the action of external forces at all levels of lung tissue, its mechanical factors must play an important role in respiratory function. Among them, airway smooth muscle cells are sensitive to the physical environment. Abnormal mechanical stimulation may change the structure and / or function of airway smooth muscle cells and cause pathological changes such as excessive contraction of airway smooth muscle. In recent years, a great deal of research has been done on airway smooth muscle biomechanics and its role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and many important discoveries have been made. This article will focus on the airway smooth muscle and the mechanical environment in the lungs on the latest research progress, including airway smooth muscle contraction and skeletal fiber structure, functional length range of airway smooth muscle and adaptability, mechanical stimulation caused by airway smooth muscle cell structure And functional changes, the regulation of airway smooth muscle tone to strain-induced response, the kinetics of cytoskeletal soft-glass state, and to explore the relationship between airway smooth muscle biomechanics and the pathogenesis of asthma.