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目的调查陕西省饮水型地方性氟中毒的防治效果。方法于2008年采用随机整群抽样方法分别抽取中(2.0mg/L<水氟≤4.0mg/L)、重(水氟>4.0mg/L)病区村39、46个。对饮水氟含量以及儿童氟斑牙病情和尿氟含量进行调查。结果改水病区饮水氟含量为(1.4±0.8)mg/L,低于未改水病区([2.6±1.5)mg/L],差异有统计学意义(t=-7.695,P<0.01)。但两病区饮水氟含量仍高于国家标准。改水病区儿童尿氟含量中位数为1.8mg/L,低于未改水病区(中位数为2.9mg/L),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。改水病区儿童氟斑牙患病率为43.69%,低于未改水病区(59.92%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=78.349,P<0.01)。改水病区轻度及其以下的氟斑牙患者占73.58%,高于未改水病区(61.85%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=21.564,P<0.01)。两病区氟斑牙指数均为中等水平。结论陕西省改水预防饮水型氟中毒取得了良好效果。
Objective To investigate the prevention and treatment of endemic fluorosis in drinking water in Shaanxi Province. Methods In 2008, we randomly selected 39,46 medium (2.0mg / L 4.0mg / L) Fluoride levels in drinking water and dental fluorosis in children were investigated. Results The fluoride content in drinking water was (1.4 ± 0.8) mg / L, which was lower than that in un-affected areas ([2.6 ± 1.5] mg / L], the difference was statistically significant (t = -7.695, P <0.01 ). However, the fluoride content of drinking water in two wards is still above the national standard. The median urinary fluoride level was 1.8mg / L in children with water-deficit disease, which was lower than that in the non-water-affected area (median 2.9mg / L). The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 43.69% in children with water-deficit disease, which was lower than that in non-water-affected areas (59.92%) (χ2 = 78.349, P <0.01). 73.58% of patients with dental fluorosis were mild and below the water-affected areas, which was significantly higher than 61.85% of those without water-related diseases (χ2 = 21.564, P <0.01). Two wards fluorosis index were medium level. Conclusions Shaanxi Province has achieved good results by changing water to prevent drinking-type fluorosis.