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本文基于中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库的匹配数据,运用LP法测算了不同进出口状态企业的价格加成,发现不同进出口状态企业的价格加成存在巨大差异。只出口企业的价格加成普遍偏低,加工贸易大量存在是这类企业价格加成偏低的一个重要原因;只进口企业价格加成偏高是因为中央及省级国有企业在只进口企业中占比较高,这类企业普遍是规模较大的资本密集型企业且大多处于行政垄断行业。进一步的研究发现,不同类型企业价格加成的巨大差异无法完全归结于生产率因素,非生产率因素如市场结构的不同、企业所面临的需求端差异、行政性进入壁垒等也是形成这种差异的重要因素,并由此导致市场低效率和社会总福利损失。因此,加快市场化体制改革,提高国有企业经营效率,转变出口贸易发展思路,是构建“新常态经济”的必由之路。
Based on the matching data of Chinese industrial enterprises database and customs database, this paper uses LP method to calculate the price additions of enterprises in different import and export states, and finds that there are huge differences in the price additions of enterprises in different import and export states. Only the export enterprises generally low price plus, a large number of processing trade is an important reason for the low price of such enterprises; only high prices of imported enterprises because the central and provincial state-owned enterprises in the import-only enterprises Accounting for a relatively high proportion of such enterprises are generally large-scale capital-intensive enterprises and most are in the administrative monopoly industries. Further study found that the huge difference between the price of different types of enterprises can not be attributed entirely to productivity factors, non-productivity factors such as the different market structure, the demand side of the enterprise differences, barriers to entry is also important to form this difference Factors, and thus lead to market inefficiencies and social welfare losses. Therefore, accelerating the reform of the marketization system, improving the operating efficiency of state-owned enterprises, and changing the development train of the export trade are the only way to build a “new normal economy.”