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英国学者安德鲁·韦伯斯特的《发展社会学》,比较简明地介绍了在发展研究热潮中涌现出的西方各个学派及其理论观点。作者的思想倾向在书中亦有明显的表露。我国现阶段仍属发展中国家。正在进行现代化建设的今天,了解一下发展理论是大有裨益的。理论家们对贫困(国家)及其原因、解决办法的不同理解,也就得出了不同的结论,因而“发展”概念,也就有着各种不同的内涵。同时也就产生了各种不同的理论学派。一、什么是“贫困”? 韦伯斯特一开篇就援引了《世界发展报告》的两点结论:“富国与穷国之间的差距越来越大”,“富人对‘绝对贫困’者的剥夺还在加剧”。这就涉及到贫困的衡量标准问题。有两种衡量贫困的依据:“起码生活水平”、“相对剥夺”。
The British sociologist Andrew Webster's “Sociology of Development” provides a brief introduction to the various Western schools and their theoretical perspectives that emerged during the development boom. The author's ideological tendencies are also clearly revealed in the book. My country is still a developing country at this stage. Today's modernization is under way and understanding the theory of development is of great benefit. Theorists also come to different conclusions as to the different understandings of poverty (state), their causes and solutions. Therefore, the concept of “development” also has different connotations. At the same time also produced a variety of different theoretical schools. First, what is “poverty?” Webster first cited two conclusions of the World Development Report: “the gap between rich and poor countries is getting bigger and bigger.” “The rich people are absolutely impoverished Deprivation is still aggravating. ” This involves the measurement of poverty. There are two bases for measuring poverty: “at least a standard of living” and “relative deprivation.”