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南海东北部边缘台西南盆地泥火山主要展布于该盆地南部凹陷陆坡深水区和台湾陆上台南—高雄地区。陆上泥火山多沿深大断裂带分布,地面形态特征类似火山地貌,多具有下凹喷口,海域泥火山的海底形态亦与其相似,但研究程度较低。通过深入分析台西南盆地泥火山发育特点及伴生天然气地球化学特征,认为该区泥火山伴生烃类天然气成因类型较多,但以成熟—高熟煤型烃类气为主;其伴生的非烃气中CO2含量较高,但分布较局限且以无机壳源型CO2为主。泥火山的泥源层主要来自中新统及上新统海相坳陷沉积的巨厚泥页岩,本身具生烃潜力,其成熟生烃及与泥火山运聚通道和伴生构造圈闭的良好配置,则构成了其独特的泥火山油气藏运聚成藏系统,进而控制了这种“泥火山型油气藏”的分布。
Mud volcanoes in the southwestern margin of the South China Sea in the southwestern basin are mainly distributed in deep-water continental slope areas in the southern depression of the basin and Tainan-Kaohsiung region in Taiwan. Most mud volcanoes are distributed along the deep fault zone. The topography of the earth is similar to the volcanic landform and has many concave spouts. The shape of the seabed mud volcano in the sea area is similar to that of the mud volcano, but the research level is relatively low. Through in-depth analysis of mud volcano development characteristics and associated gas geochemical characteristics in the southwestern Taiwan basin, it is considered that there are many genetic types of Mud Volcano associated hydrocarbon in this area, but the mature-high mature coal gas is dominant. The associated non-hydrocarbon gas CO2 content is higher, but the distribution is more limited and the inorganic shell-based CO2-based. Mud volcanoes mainly originate from giant mud shale deposited in the Miocene and Upper Pleistocene marine facies, which has its own potential for hydrocarbon generation and its mature hydrocarbon generation and its good configuration with Mud volcano polymerisation channels and associated structural traps , It constitutes its unique mud volcano reservoir migration and accumulation system, and thus control the distribution of this “mud volcano type reservoir ”.