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目的了解职业禁忌证者的岗位安置和职业卫生知识、态度及需求情况。方法对2010-2014年新疆乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心岗前职业健康检查检出的职业禁忌证者共计146例,为观察组;非职业禁忌证者150人作为对照组开展追踪随访和问卷调查。结果 5年职业禁忌证者的随访率为77.7%(146/188),以男性、青壮年、汉族和文化程度较高者居多。因检出职业禁忌证离开应聘企业者为50.7%,应聘在同类职业禁忌岗位工作者为31.5%,从事其他无职业有害因素工作的为19.2%;其他非职业禁忌岗位工作者为49.3%。职业禁忌证者对职业病防治知识的知晓率普遍较低,文化程度是影响知晓职业病防治知识的重要因素。态度的认知要好于知识的知晓率。职业禁忌证者对签订劳动合同、职业卫生培训、享有社会保险和通过新媒体(微信、QQ)开展健康教育咨询服务的需求较高。结论岗前人员亟需接受职业卫生知识培训,提高自我保护意识,有效预防职业病的发生。
Objective To understand job placement and occupational health knowledge, attitude and needs of occupational taboos. Methods A total of 146 cases of occupational contraindications detected in pre-service occupational health examination of Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2010 to 2014 were selected as observation group and 150 cases of non-professional contraindications as follow-up questionnaire. Results The follow-up rate of 5-year occupational contraindications was 77.7% (146/188), with the majority being males, young adults, Han nationality and those with higher education level. 50.7% of applicants were unemployed because of the employment contraindications, 31.5% of workers employed in the same job taboo, 19.2% engaged in other work without harmful factors, and 49.3% of other non-job taboo workers. Occupational disease prevention and control knowledge of occupational contraindications are generally low awareness of the level of education is an important factor affecting knowledge of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Attitude is better than knowledge awareness. Occupational contraindications There is a high demand for signing health contracts, occupational health training, social insurance and health education consultancy services through new media (WeChat, QQ). Conclusion Pre-job staff urgently need to receive occupational health knowledge training, improve self-protection awareness and effectively prevent occupational diseases.