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三年前,保罗·萨缪尔森在其位于美国马萨诸塞州的家中逝世,享年94岁。在去世前,他定义了现代经济的典型特征——“混合经济”。在混合经济中,“看不见的手”时常失灵,所以,政府有干预经济的必要。“市场和政府这两个部分都是必不可缺的。没有政府和没有市场的经济都是一个巴掌拍不响的经济。”实际上,“混合经济”就是垄断与竞争、市场与政府调节的混合。政府就像一个日夜为子民操心的保姆,“当企业变成一头垄断的野猪时,防止它到处乱撞;当企业喷吐出来的浓烟威胁生命和财产的时候,就限制它们的活动。”按照这一思想,我们可以解释很多看起来彼此矛盾的现象。比如1980年前后,许多资本主义国家开始弱化政府的职能,“私有化”国有企业。而几乎与此同时,
Three years ago, Paul Samuelson died at his home in Massachusetts, USA, at the age of 94. Before his death, he defined the typical characteristics of the modern economy - “mixed economy.” In a mixed economy, “invisible hand ” often fails, so the government has the necessary intervention in the economy. “Both the market and the government are indispensable, and the absence of a government and an economy without a market is a slap-bubble economy.” “In fact, the” mixed economy “is the monopoly and the competition in the market Mixed with government regulation. The government is like a nanny who worries about the people day and night. ”“ When a business becomes a monopoly boar, it prevents it from colliding. When the smoke emitted by a business threatens life and property, it restricts their activities. ” “According to this idea, we can explain a lot of seemingly contradictory phenomena. For example, before and after 1980, many capitalist countries began to weaken their government functions and ”privatize" state-owned enterprises. At almost the same time,