一、引言承载力实验一般是小型的模型实验,在这种情况下,地基的自重应力比实际状态要小得多。土的力学特性随着应力状态而发生显著的变化,并且由于荷载和地基的自重应力合成的应力分布与实物不同,故地基的变形及破坏的图形也与实际情况不一样。 I. INTRODUCTION The bearing capacity experiment is generally a small-scale model experiment. In this case, the self-weight stress of the foundation is much smaller than the actual state. The mechanical properties of soil change significantly with the stress state, and because the stress distribution of the load and the self-gravity stress of the foundation are different from the actual ones, the deformation and damage patterns of the foundation are also different from the actual situation.